A Plight Understood By Elders
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When bad things happen, good people get together. In helping my fragile, abused grandmother I was not alone. Her abuse galvanized a collective response by family, friends, staff, and caregivers all united by compassion and a common cause: individuals-in-sum with a great mixed skill-set. The strength of our diversity contributed much to our success. In helping our vulnerable, abused, victimized elders, we are not alone.
And when we had come to Jerusalem, the brethren received us gladly. On the following day Paul went in with us to James, and all the elders were present. When he had greeted them, he told in detail those things which God had done among the Gentiles through his ministry. And when they heard it, they glorified the Lord.
Old age refers to ages nearing or surpassing the life expectancy of human beings, and is thus the end of the human life cycle. Terms and euphemisms for people at this age include old people, the elderly (worldwide usage), OAPs (British usage which stands for Old Age Pensioner), seniors, senior citizens (American usage), older adults (in the social sciences[1]), and the elders (in many cultures).
A Swedish study found that at age 76, 46% of the subjects used assistive devices. When they reached age 86, 69% used them. The subjects were ambivalent regarding the use of the assistive devices: as \"enablers\" or as \"disablers\".[172] People who view assistive devices as enabling greater independence accept and use them, whereas those who see them as symbols of disability reject them.[173] However, organizations like Love for the Elderly aim to combat such age-related prejudice by educating the public about the importance of appreciating growing older, while also providing services of kindness to elders in senior homes.[174]
This Primer has been prepared by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE), with consultation from the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) in the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Designed to serve as a reference guide, it is written in easily understood language, but with sufficient annotation of source material to fulfill its technical support role. Some issues remain unresolved, because particular provisions of Medicaid regulations and state interpretations thereof are being challenged in the courts. Major unresolved issues are discussed where relevant.
The Katie Beckett provision is a statute--the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act (TEFRA) 134--added to Medicaid in 1982. Katie Beckett is the name of the child whose parents petitioned the Federal government for her to receive Medicaid services at home instead of in a hospital, and whose plight led the Reagan Administration to urge Congress to enact the provision. TEFRA 134 gives states the option to cover noninstitutionalized children with disabilities. Prior to enactment of this provision, if a child with disabilities lived at home, the parents income and resources were automatically counted (deemed) as available for medical expenses. However, if the same child was institutionalized for 30 days or more, only the childs own income and resources were counted in the deeming calculation--substantially increasing the likelihood that a child could qualify for Medicaid. This sharp divergence in methods of counting income often forced families to institutionalize their children simply to get them medical care.
Little use was made of these protections at first because they were not widely understood. Thus, the number of working persons with disabilities whose earnings were protected in this manner in 1982, the first full year of implementation, was just under 6000. By September 1999, however, the number had risen to nearly 100,000.18
Assisted living is chosen as the second specific service example, because it provides an excellent illustration of the complex issues involved in defining a service so as to ensure its maximum usefulness within a particular state system. The focus here is on assisted living services provided under Medicaid to persons age 65 and older. By early 2000, 35 states were serving Medicaid beneficiaries in assisted living settings. Residential care alternatives to institutions have been offered to persons with mental retardation and developmental disabilities for some time. Making them available to elderly persons is a more recent, and less well understood, initiative.2
According to the 1994 National Long-Term Care Survey, 86 percent of elderly persons living in the community who are as severely disabled as most nursing home residents (three or more ADL limitations and/or severe cognitive impairment) live with family caregivers and, on average, receive 60 hours of informal care per week supplemented by a little over 14 hours of paid assistance. In contrast, the minority (14 percent) of equally severely disabled elders who live alone receive, on average, 29 hours of informal help per week supplemented by 56 hours of paid assistance.
LifePlans, Inc. (1999). A descriptive analysis of patterns of informal and formal caregiving among privately insured and non-privately insured disabled elders living in the community. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services.This report is based on a study of how long-term care insurance benefits are used, whether claimants feel they are getting good value for the premiums they pay, and whether patterns of formal (paid) and informal (unpaid) service use differ for long-term care insurance claimants compared to similarly disabled persons without long-term care policies. The report provides basic socio-demographic and service utilization profiles for both groups and discusses the implications of the study's findings for the service delivery system and for the design of private and public long-term care programs and policies. To obtain a free copy of this report, write to the Office of Disability, Aging, and Long-Term Care Policy, Room 424E, H.H. Humphrey Building, 200 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20201, fax (202) 401-7733, or via e-mail at DALTCP2@osaspe.dhhs.gov.
Overcoming these problems can be done in several ways. States should (a) encourage potential applicants to enlist trusted allies (e.g., family members and friends) to assist them in the application process, and (b) have sufficient staff so that the necessary time can be spent with applicants to ensure the process is understood and satisfactorily completed. In addition, the application forms themselves, along with associated materials, must be clear and easy to understand. To this end, such materials should be pretested and revised until they are readily understood by consumers. Another potentially useful strategy is employing people with disabilities (e.g., self advocates) to provide assistance and information to help applicants through the process.
You are in an excellent position to spot the emotionally troubled student. This may be as a result of your position as department secretary, dean, receptionist, or faculty. You may observe that at certain times of the year, particularly during examinations and holidays, students experience increased anxiety. The student's behavior, especially if it is inconsistent with your experience of him/her, could well constitute an inarticulate attempt to draw attention to his/her plight, a \"cry for help.\"
James Arthur Baldwin was born August 2, 1924 in Harlem, New York. After graduating from high school in 1942, Baldwin began writing. In 1953, he published his first novel Go Tell It on the Mountain. Prior to releasing his first novel, Baldwin chose to leave America and move to France because of his dissatisfaction with the open racism and homophobia in the United States. In 1962, he visited the United States in order to participate in the the Civil Rights Movement, namely attending the March on Washington (seen in the photo). During the height of the struggle for Black equality, Baldwin was widely known for his militant essays that illustrated the social and economic plight of Black Americans. His writings addressed the issues of race but also mentioned the complexity of homosexuality and sexual orientation among the Black experience in the U.S. After the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968, Baldwin returned to France and continued writing until his death in 1987. Records at the National Archives pertaining to James Baldwin include moving images from the Peace Corps, the Agency for International Development and an interview with Pulitzer Prize winner Gwendolyn Brooks.
Simpson Miller, who presented the main address at a JPS Career Expo held at Caribbean Palms community centre, said that she understood the plight of senior citizens, especially those who no longer earn an income, people who get by no little or no savings, are handicapped by varying and expensive medical complaints, and even those who are dependent on their struggling children and caregivers who try to ensure the comfort of their elders.
14. How does the plight of Harriet Jacobs illustrate the role that class played in the Cult of DomesticityThe ideals set by the Cult of Domesticity were unobtainable by the less-fortunate classes. Jacobs illustrates that as slave she lacked opportunities for piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity. The ideals were created for the privileged.
Our subject this morning is how to handle misunderstanding. I wish we could take time to ask how many of you are going through a time of being misunderstood, of having your motives misjudged and your actions misinterpreted, of experiencing something that you meant to be taken one way being taken in quite a different light. We have a classic case of a misunderstanding here, in Chapter 1 of Second Corinthians, that will help us in handling such matters. This is the fourth letter Paul wrote to the church at Corinth, but we call it Second Corinthians because two of the letters he wrote are missing. In this section he is sharing certain experiences which come from being a Christian in a pagan world. 153554b96e